.ng-c-sponsor-logo { Sea level is measured by two main methods: tide gauges and satellite altimeters. In some areas, heavy use of fisheries has reduced endemic coastal fish stocks to 10 percent to 30 percent of the supply that existed 30 years ago.4 Half of the world’s wetlands disappeared in the 20th century, as did 50 percent of all mangroves, and nearly 60 percent of the world’s coral reefs are seriously degraded — in some cases beyond recovery — or threatened by development and other human activities.5 Pollution from industry, agriculture, and urban areas is degrading the quality of much of the world’s fresh water. Waiyaki Way Cassia House, Ground Floor Sustainability Policy |  This work has been funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the MEASURE Communication project (HRN-A-00-98-000001-00). Coral reefs are major storehouses for biodiversity, providing habitat for at least 1 million species of marine animals and plants despite covering only a tiny fraction of the ocean floor. Encourage students to think about how people move (transportation routes), weather, and climate. Show students the NG Education interactive map. The arrival of new fishermen, together with the introduction of new fishing techniques and increased access to credit and markets, has contributed to the overexploitation of sea cucumbers in the region.10. The average population density in coastal areas is about 80 persons per square kilometer, twice the world’s average population density.7 Up to 50 percent of the population in northern Africa and Bangladesh lives in coastal areas; along the Nile Delta, the population density reaches 500 to 1,000 people per square kilometer.8 The additional demands that high population density places on the coasts have meant that higher density is associated with increased risks to marine ecosystems. The challenge for policymakers and coastal resource managers is to figure out how to reap the economic benefits of coastal resources while preserving them for future generations. How might global warming exacerbate coastal hazards? UNEP, “Tourism’s Three Main Impact Areas” (Oct. 9, 2001), accessed online at www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sust-tourism/env-3main.htm, on Aug. 14, 2003. A square mile is a space that is one mile long and one mile wide. Check students’ drawings to make sure they understand why people live near coasts. Students should recognize that many more people live near the coasts than inland, although the Great Lakes and a few places in the interior, such as Atlanta, Georgia, are densely populated. Phone: +254 735 084293 Students should recognize that many more people live near the coasts than inland, although the Great Lakes and a few places in the interior, such as Atlanta, Georgia, are densely populated. 4. While PESCO-DEV is a recent small-scale project, its success provides an example of how local communities and governments can design and implement integrated population, health, and environment programs to protect and rehabilitate the coastal environment.1. In the densely forested southern part of the region, which has historically been more difficult to develop, rural population densities are generally lower than in the open savanna. 3362 days since Next Geography Class!!! Area: … Population density is a ratio of the average number of inhabitants per square kilometre. This activity targets the following skills: The resources are also available at the top of the page. At least 107 of the world’s 134 coastal developing nations are involved in some type of ICM effort at the national or subnational level.33 In general, the most successful ICM efforts share several characteristics: Managing coastal areas requires concerted multisectoral efforts by government institutions at all levels, the private sector, and community groups, as well as sustained political support. Coastal areas worldwide are major destinations for tourism, which represents the fastest growing sector of the global economy.15 Tourism dominates the economy of some regions and small island states; for example, tourism constitutes 95 percent of the economy of the Maldives and is the country’s only source of hard currency.16 Tourism can offer some environmental benefits, such as greater appreciation of the value of natural resources. These challenges are particularly acute for island countries, where coasts often comprise the entire territory.6 Such countries may also be threatened by rising sea levels, a possible consequence of climate change. the population distribution throughout the uk. She or he will best know the preferred format. Have students brainstorm and draw why people might choose to live near the coasts. The human population of the area is relatively high in the central part of the ecoregion from southern Kenya to northern Tanzania (around 100 persons per km2 in the rural areas). In the United States, around 53% of the population lives near the coast. Box 1 They also provide food, building materials, shoreline protection, and many indirect benefits for people living near them. The population of Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands has grown rapidly since the early 1980s, largely due to the arrival of coastal fishermen. When concentrated in small, confined, and overcrowded areas such as coastal zones, pollution and other problems pose greater threats to human health. Nondemographic factors, including the economy, national and local policies, technology, and culture, interact with population changes to affect the natural environment. Regular collection of reliable data to measure the success of management initiatives. First, the project conducted an environmental site assessment to obtain data on coastal environmental conditions, resource management practices, population dynamics, and community attitudes toward both population and environmental issues. Videos and links. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. But higher population densities may have beneficial effects as well: As population grows, some governments make greater investments in infrastructure such as sewer lines and sewage treatment plants that ultimately reduce levels of environmental contamination. Managing population pressures in coastal zones is difficult because those regions encompass many physical, social, and regulatory divisions. ICM has been endorsed repeatedly in international conferences, including the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa. Joan Castro et al., “Integrating Population and Coastal Resource Management for Food Security — The Philippines’ Model” (2000), accessed online at www.path.org/philippines/phils_model.htm, on June 20, 2003. Data can then be applied with simple participatory tools to quickly assess coastal and marine resources and identify critical threats, such as the extent of fishing and any destructive fishing practices (see Box 2). United States National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), “What Is Integrated Coastal Management?” accessed online at www.icm.noaa.gov/story/icm_def.html, on Aug. 15, 2003. The map shows that the most densely populated areas are along coastlines. Coastal regions also provide critical inputs for industry, including water and space for shipping and ports; opportunities for recreational activities such as fishing and diving; and other raw materials, including salt and sand. Moreover, the ships provide few long-term economic benefits for the local population, since they do not employ many local citizens. For all these regions, therefore, the question of how fast the sea level will … Privacy Policy, Ripple Effects: Population and Coastal Regions, U.S. 2020 Census and American Community Survey, American Community Survey (ACS) Data Users Group, PACE (Policy, Advocacy, and Communication Enhanced). Many coastal areas are densely populated, but a large expanse of coastal areas are hardly populated at all. It also involves improving the exchange of data between the science and management communities and focusing more on demographic and socioeconomic factors that contribute to marine pollution and coastal degradation. The northern region includes the 7 states and union territories of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan and has a population density of 267 persons per sq km as per the 2011 C… Policymakers and program managers can take several steps to address and integrate population concerns into their coastal management efforts. The average population density in coastal areas is about 80 persons per square kilometer, twice the world’s average population density. Urbanization has a deleterious effect on mangroves. Achieving a balance between top-down legislative authorities and bottom-up community involvement requires understanding issues and maintaining strong links with stakeholders in the area. The Northern Plains of India are densely populated due to the fine alluvium deposits which makes the plain very fertile. Tourism, fishing, and aquaculture are industries with major economic influences on coastal ecosystems. Westlands Office Park This policy brief looks at how population growth, urbanization, and other factors affect coastal resources; how environmental degradation influences people’s lives; and how policymakers can integrate population and resource management issues. Aquaculture, the world’s fastest growing food production activity, with an annual growth rate of about 10 percent in the 1990s, can lead to the destruction of mangroves and may lead to irreversible damage to both estuarine and offshore fisheries by introducing biological, chemical, and organic pollutants (such as antibiotics and pesticides) and by modifying habitats.20. Stretching inland from the Gulf Coast, the Coastal Plains, encompassing about two-fifths of the state’s land area, range from sea level to about 1,000 feet (300 metres) in elevation.… Photograph by Indumathi Govindasamy, My Shot. Governments usually manage each sector separately, if at all. Many of the world’s small island or isolated states have large populations for their size. Using data from scores of stations around the world, scientists can calculate a global average and adjust it for seasonal differences. Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Protection (GESAMP), Jason Bremner and Jaime Perez, “A Case Study of Human Migration and the Sea Cucumber Crisis in the Galapagos Islands,”, John Tibbetts, “Coastal Cities: Living on the Edge,”. because many populated areas are located near the coasts. Students calculate population density in the United States and describe some of the patterns in the results. Ask: Do more people live near the coasts or away from the coasts? After Mongolia, Namibia is the second least densely populated country in … Ask: Is it in an area that has many people? Efforts to balance local interests with national legislation need to consider the socioeconomic context of coastal populations and what role demographic patterns play in the region. Reasons for densely and sparsely populated areas. The program focuses on understanding the structure and function of mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs, the primary coastal ecosystems in the Caribbean. Globally the average population density is 25 people per km 2, but there are very large differences across countries. Terms of Service |  3. These studies can be conducted using either exhaustive research or rapid assessment techniques. Or is it in an area that has few people? The situation is similar in rural Honduras, where women earn about half of what men do.29, Being less visible in their work, women are also less likely to have access to decisionmakers or to be consulted about the management of natural resources. Women were not consulted in this process and lost a vital source of household protein and income.30 Women usually have different access to and control over land and water in coastal zones: Fewer than 5 percent of beneficiaries of land reform in El Salvador and Honduras were women.31. Breaking the marine food chain reduces vital supplies of protein for about 1 billion people, most of whom live in developing countries.27, Yet restricting fishing rights and access to coastal waters in order to project marine fauna may harm vulnerable groups of people. edge of land along the sea or other large body of water. National Geographic Headquarters Macao, Monaco, Singapore, Hong Kong and Gibraltar are the five most densely populated. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Migration is a key factor affecting coastal zones. Damming rivers can also have negative environmental effects, such as soil erosion and destruction of ecosystems that support various fish and marine mammals. © 1996 - 2020 National Geographic Society. Tide gauge stations from around the world have measured the daily high and low tides for more than a century, using a variety of manual and automatic sensors. 2. height: 60px; https://www.answers.com/Q/Why_are_coastal_areas_so_densely_populated Have students brainstorm and draw why people might choose to live near the coasts. PRB’s Population, Health, and Environment Program disseminates the latest analysis and scientific information on the causes and consequences of critical population, health, and environment linkages, and on the ways that these linkages can be addressed. Phone: 800-877-9881 Unless governments and users of coastal resources take action, population pressures and the associated levels of economic activity will further degrade many coastal habitats. Why are the impacts of coastal hazards so great? Make sure students can identify major bodies of water—the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Great Lakes, and the Gulf of Mexico on the map. adapted from National Geographic Xpeditions lesson “Taking Care of Our Oceans”. For example, women in coastal areas may have unmet need for family planning — that is, they may want to limit or space their future births but may not be using contraceptives.35 Helping women reach their family planning goals can protect the environment by limiting population growth, but addressing family planning needs must be coordinated with several sectors, particularly the health sector. NG MapMaker Interactive: Population Density—United States, How People Affect Ocean Animals and Plants, identify patterns of human settlement on a United States population distribution map, brainstorm and draw possible reasons so many people live near the coast, Tech Setup: 1 computer per classroom, Projector. The Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity Programme (CARICOMP), a regional network of marine laboratories, parks, and reserves that studies land-sea interactions, strives to identify which changes in coastal systems are caused by human disturbances and which are simply long-term natural variations. They tend to fish close to the shore and use the catch to feed their families, whereas men typically engage in large-scale commercial fishing offshore or in major inland water bodies.28 Operating on a smaller scale, women who fish earn only 40 percent of what men earn for fishing in El Salvador. Population Pyramids. POPs tend to linger in living tissue and become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, so they are sometimes found even in people who live in remote, undeveloped regions. Addressing population issues is key to achieving such balance. Hence,many farmers prefer to settle here, people also settle here as it is the bestlandformto settle on and it has the most facilities like transportation, communication etc. Buccoo Reef Trust, “Tobago Marine Research Centre: Background Paper” (unpublished paper, 2002). At the same time, they are more densely populated than the hinterland and exhibit higher rates of population growth and urbanisation. The most densely populated region is the Southeast (also called the Coastal Lowlands). Sitemap. Eleven of these cities, including Bangkok, Jakarta, and Shanghai, are in Asia. 7 Up to 50 percent of the population in northern Africa and Bangladesh lives in coastal areas; along the Nile Delta, the population density reaches 500 to 1,000 people per square kilometer. Manuel Benítez et al., “A Platform for Action for the Sustainable Management of Mangroves in the Gulf of Fonseca” (November 2000), accessed online at www.unesco.org/csi/wise/fonseca1.htm, on Aug. 14, 2003. Malé, Island (divisions Henveiru, Galolhu, Machchangolhi, Maafannu), Republic of Maldives. Tourism, Tobago’s largest employer, relies on a healthy marine environment and especially on the health of Buccoo Reef. Many of the world’s coasts are becoming increasingly urban. Demographic factors, especially migration, are major considerations in how people use coastal regions. Washington, DC 20036, National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Fishing or harvesting, the destruction of mangroves, and pollution and sedimentation from human activities all can affect the coastal environment. CARICOMP is one example of a functioning international program for monitoring the coastal marine environment and can be used as a model for other countries or regions.38. Rainera L. Luero and Robert Layng, “Understanding Reproductive Health/Natural Resource Management Integration in the Philippines,”. Integrated coastal management (ICM), an internationally accepted approach to managing resources that is based on the United States’ 1972 Coastal Zone Management Act, allows policymakers and planners to take population issues into account when looking at the pressures, threats, and opportunities facing coastal areas. Eleven of the world's 15 largest cities lie along the coast or on estuaries. Why does ocean swell tend to consist of waves of familiar sizes? If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Population, density and education all play a role. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) et al.. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Sara Curran et al., “Interactions Between Coastal and Marine Ecosystems and Human Population Systems: Perspectives on How Consumption Mediates This Interaction,”, United Nations System-Wide Earthwatch, “Oceans and Coastal Areas,” accessed online at http://earthwatch.unep.net/oceans/. This is a concern because population growth and the activities associated with it can degrade coastal and marine ecosystems.3 A number of worrying trends are already visible. The Municipal Corporation of Brihan Mumbai, with support from the World Bank, has started the $300 million Bombay Sewage Disposal Project to collect and dispose of 80 percent of the sewage currently flowing untreated into the sea.24. That would work. In a growing number of countries, coastal zone managers are adopting integrated, multidisciplinary approaches to resource management that incorporate the perspectives of all stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and individuals. The high concentration of people in coastal regions has produced many economic benefits, including improved transportation links, industrial and urban development, revenue from tourism, and food production. Multiple stakeholders, including representatives from all levels of government, NGOs, indigenous groups, communities, and the private sector; A strong scientific foundation to inform the management process; A formalized mandate and funding mechanisms; Formal decisionmaking that incorporates social, environmental, and economic data; Public participation starting at the initial stages of policy formulation and program development; Community-based management initiatives to develop community experience, build support, and provide information about regional or national programs; Capacity building of local experts through training, education, and applied research; Strong outreach services that provide information and education to all levels of management; and. The figures in China and Southeast Asia are staggering: 1,000 people arrive in China’s large coastal cities each day, and similar numbers move to the coasts in Vietnam and the Philippines. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Geography!!! PRB’s work with Save the Children in the Philippines, highlighted in this brief, has been supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Other problems include destructive harvesting methods such as trawling (dragging weighted nets across the sea floor to catch shrimp and bottom-dwelling fish), and bycatch (unintended catch of nontarget species).19 Modern trawling equipment scoops through sediment and rock and often kills the worms, sponges, and other species that live on the seafloor. Baseline studies assessing the threats to coastal areas should include data on population and the environment, indigenous peoples’ concerns, applicable legislation and the agencies involved, gender concerns, and socioeconomic characteristics of the areas. ICM attempts to forge a balance between users of water and natural resources while ensuring that long-term environmental health and productivity are not compromised.32 Countries may use ICM to address the depletion of coastal and ocean resources; deal with pollution that endangers public health; distribute the economic benefits of using the coast and ocean; or develop and manage coastal and marine areas that are not yet being exploited. 4. As an example, point out the desert regions of the West and describe why few people live there. Coral reefs worldwide are deteriorating at an alarming rate: As of late 2000, 27 percent were severely damaged, compared with 10 percent in 1992.2 More reefs are degraded and threatened by dynamite fishing, coral mining, and other human activities, as well as by bleaching caused by rising ocean temperatures. (Northern Siberia, Northern Canada, most of Australia's coast, etc.) It can lead to unsustainable coastal development as infrastructure is built on the shoreline to accommodate tourists. In this 6 regions across India have been identified for measurements of population density. 4. By 2025, that figure is likely to double. Flood control is an important issue for the Netherlands, as due to its low elevation, approximately two thirds of its area is vulnerable to flooding, while the country is densely populated.Natural sand dunes and constructed dikes, dams, and floodgates provide defense against storm surges from the sea. Most are based on an area within 60 to 200 kilometers of the shoreline and may include coastal floodplains, coastal forests called mangroves, marshes, and tideflats (coastal areas affected by the rise and fall of the tide), as well as beaches, dunes, and coral reefs.1 The term “coastal regions” also covers marine fisheries because the bulk of the world’s marine fish harvest is caught or reared in coastal waters.2 Coastal areas help prevent erosion; filter pollutants; and provide food, shelter, breeding areas, and nursery grounds for a wide variety of organisms. More than 100 countries — many of them small islands — rely on the resources that coral reefs provide.1 But coral reefs are increasingly threatened by human activity, particularly in developing countries. The high nutrient content of wastewater discharged into Buccoo Bay and other waters adjacent to the reef has spurred rapid growth of algae, which damages the reef.4 High levels of fecal coliform bacteria, which pose a threat to human health, have been measured on certain beaches in the park, indicating that the water has been contaminated with human or animal feces.5, Box 2 Main cities here include Recife and Fortaleza. Brian Voigt, “Glossary of Coastal Terminology” (March 1998), accessed online at www.csc.noaa.gov/text/glossary.html, on Aug. 15, 2003; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Washington, DC 20009 Population, density and education all play a role. Changes in the size, composition, and distribution of human populations affect coastal regions by changing land use and land cover. The Census of India has made attempts to also map population density in terms of geographical regions. The NE of Brazil is sparsely populated inland but is densely populated at the coast. If not properly managed, development can result in pollution, deforestation, and inadequate management of soil, water, pesticides, and fertilizers. Other articles where Coastal Plains is discussed: Texas: Relief: …the fertile and densely populated Coastal Plains in the southeast to the high plains and mountains in the west and northwest. By discharging ballast water near the islands, large vessels and smaller fishing boats have introduced nonindigenous plant and animal species to the islands’ coasts.9 The situation in the Galapagos Islands also highlights how migration can contribute to the depletion of natural resources. Integrating Population, Health, and Environment Interventions in the Philippines: The People and Environment Coexistence Development Project. Coastal areas with high population densities are those with the most shoreline degradation or alteration. All rights reserved. Chemicals and heavy metals found in pesticide runoff and industrial effluents also damage human and marine health. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Not all urban areas are bastions of blue. Marine fisheries and aquaculture (the controlled cultivation and harvesting of freshwater and marine organisms) produce close to 100 million tons of fish, shellfish, and edible plants every year, providing a livelihood for about 35 million people, most of whom live in developing countries.18 Overharvesting to meet global consumers’ growing demand for seafood can deplete many species and alter the biological structure of coastal ecosystems. Liz Creel prepared this policy brief with assistance from PRB staff and other colleagues. Coastal resource managers and policymakers need to integrate health, population, gender, and nutrition considerations into ICM by determining the characteristics of beneficiaries and stakeholders, NGO capacity, and opportunities in specific areas. Coastal regions, areas that are home to a large and growing proportion of the world’s population, are undergoing environmental decline. 2. Bathing in or ingesting sewage-contaminated water can cause infections and transmit diseases such as cholera, particularly among children under 5.22 In developing countries, more than 90 percent of wastewater and 70 percent of industrial wastes are discharged in coastal waters without being treated. With one birth every 7 seconds, a death every 13 seconds, and a migrant entering the country every 31 seconds, the United States’ population is growing at a rate of one person every 11 seconds. Include Population Data in Baseline Studies on Coastal and Marine Resources. The few cities in the country are densely populated because of the limited amount of livable area. Bird's eye view of the Pacific coast on the island of Maui, Hawaii. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), “Mangroves and Estuaries” (2000), accessed online at http://atlas.aaas.org/index.php?part=2&sec=eco&sub=mangroves, on Aug. 15, 2003. 5. In many countries, populations in coastal areas are growing faster than those in noncoastal areas. Display for students the United States on the NG Education interactive map, with the population density layer selected. Students look at a map of population density in the United States, describe the pattern of settlement they see near the coasts, and brainstorm and draw possible reasons for it. Coastal areas often offer good, arable land and the best land for easy transportation. All of these people have an effect on the health of the ocean. Explain to students that darker areas indicate greater population density, which measures how many people live in a square mile. Maintaining a healthy coastal habitat is critical because most of the world’s fish produce their young inshore and feed on organisms in coastal waters. Have students draw pictures that illustrate why people live near coasts. Contaminants and activities that destroy coastal habitats and ecosystems also contribute to the loss of the marine fauna on which many people rely for food and income. 1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 520 If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. It is worked out by simply dividing the population by the area of the Federative Units.In 2014, Brazil had an overall population density of 24.66 inhabitants per square kilometer. :) Without coastal defence mechanisms these would already be flooded today. Population density tells us how many people live on one square kilometre of land.The world’s population is not spread evenly over the continents.Asia and Europe are the most densely populated continents.Many other areas of the world , like deserts, polar regions or high mountains are very sparsely ,or not at all populated .. About 90% of the earth’s people live on only 10% of the land. Monitor and Assess Human Impacts on the Marine Environment. Philomene A. Verlaan, “The Importance of Coastal Management to Human Health,” in, World Bank Group, “Sewage Disposal Project Transforming Urban Environment and Improving Quality of Life in Mumbai, India” (1999), accessed online at http:// lnweb18.worldbank.org/sar/sa.nsf/, FAO, “Coastal Zone Management and Equality Between Women and Men” (1998), accessed online at www.fao.org/sd/epdirect/. Page is printable and can be used as a statistic to show how people. 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